Minerals are solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances found in the Earth’s crust. Metals are elementary substances, such as gold, platinum, palladium, silver, and copper. They are crystalline when solid and naturally occur in minerals. They are often good conductors of electricity and heat, and they are shiny and malleable. Large amounts of catalysts are used in the fluid catalytic cracking, residue fluid catalytic cracking, dehydrogenation, reforming and hydrogenation in petroleum refining, and petrochemical industries. Catalysts are discarded as solid waste after deactivation resulting from fouling, poisoning, and thermal degradation/sintering. Spent catalysts are important sources of platinum. However, they often contain coke, vanadium, lead, nickel, and organics that may cause serious pollution to soil and water. Platinum Recovery from spent petroleum catalysts with environmental consideration is of great significance.

Precious metals recycling & processing is the recycling of all raw materials & scraps containing precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, platinum & others. Primary, precious metals are infinitely recyclable. Its recovery can be successfully made from waste, known as secondary sources of raw material. Hydrometallurgical & pyrometallurgical routes are the most important ways of processing waste. Metals & minerals are essential to almost all aspects of life; they enable farming, healthcare, communications, water and energy supply, transport, space technology, & the construction of cities that will help to deliver pathways for a greener, safer, more sustainable future.